We provide summaries of the articles from the list below. We have started with the articles we feel you will find most valuable, and we are working on providing a summary for every article listed.

If you have comments on any of these summaries or suggestions on how we can improve this information service, please select the Submit link below.

Technique Related
Physiology Related
Product Related
Miscellaneous

Technique Related

Anderson KH, Hald A.
Assessing the position of the tracheal tube: the reliability of different methods.
Anaesthesia. 1989;44:984-985.

Angelos MG, Gaddis M, Gaddis G, Leasure JE.
Cardiopulmonary bypass in a model of acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest.
Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:874-880.

Applebaum D.
Advanced prehospital care for pediatric emergencies.
Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:656-659.

Attia RR, Battit GE, Murphy JD.
Transtracheal ventilation.
JAMA. 1975;234:1152-1153.

Barranco F, Lesmes A, Irles JA et al.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with simultaneous chest and abdominal compression: comparative study in humans. Resuscitation. 1992;20:66-67.

Beaver BL, Colombani PM, Buck JR, Dudgeon DL, Bohrer SL, Haller JA Jr.
Efficacy of emergency room thoracotomy in pediatric trauma.
J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22:19-23.

Becker LB, Berg RA, Pepe PE, Idris AH, Aufderheide TP, Barnes TA, Stratton SJ, Chandra NC.
A Reappraisal of Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation During Bystander-Initiated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
American Heart Association circulation. 1997.

Berryman CR, Phillips GM.
Interposed abdominal compression-CPR in human subjects.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:226-229.

Bhende MS, Thompson AE, Cook DR, Saville AL.
Validity of a disposable end-tidal CO2 detector in verifying endotracheal tube placement in infants and children.
Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:142-145.

Bhende MS, Thompson AE, Orr RA.
Utility of an end-tidal CO2 detector during stabilization and transport of critically ill children.
Pediatrics. 1992;89:1042-1044.

Bircher N, Safar P. Manual.
Open-chest c.p.r. Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13(pt 2):770-773. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: statement by the Ad Hoc Committee on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of the Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.
JAMA. 1966;198:372-379.

Cavallaro DL, Melker RJ.
Comparison of two techniques for detecting cardiac activity in infants.
Crit Care Med. 1983;11:189-190.

Chandra N, Snyder LD, Weisfeldt ML.
Abdominal binding during CPR in man.
JAMA 1981;246:351-353.

Chandra N, Rudikoff M, Weisfeldt ML.
Simultaneous chest compression & ventilation at high airway pressure during CPR.
Lancet 1980;1:175-178.

Cohen TJ, Tucker KJ, Lurie KG, et al.
Active compression-decompression: a new method of c.p.r.
JAMA 1992;267:2916-2923.

Copass MK, Oreskovich MR, Bladergroen MR, Carrico CJ.
Prehospital c.p.r.
Am J Surg. 1984;148:20-26.

Cote CJ, Eavey RD, Todres ID, Jones DE.
Cricothyroid membrane puncture:oxygenation and ventilation in a dog model using an intravenous catheter.
Crit Care Med. 1988;16:615-619.

Criley JM, Blaufass AH, Kissel GL.
Cough-induced cardiac compression:self-administered form of c.p.r.
JAMA. 1976;236:1246-1250.

Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS.
Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: is it effective?
JAMA. 1985;253:2408-2412.

Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Theis WH, Pepe PE.
Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the 'chain of survival' concept: a statement for health professionals from the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Subcommittee and the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, American Heart Association.
Circulation. 1991;83:1833;1847.

Cummins RO, Austin D, Graves JR, Litwin PE, Pierce J.
Ventilation skills of emergency medical technicians: a teaching challenge for emergency medicine.
Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1187-1192.

Day RL, Crelin ES, DuBois AB.
Choking: the Heimlich abdominal thrust vs back blows: an approach to measurement of inertial and aerodynamic forces.
Pediatrics. 1982;70:113-119.

Don Michael TA, Lambert EH, Mehran A.
Mouth-to-lung airway for cardiac resuscitation.
Lancet 1968;2:1329.

Donn SM, Kuhns LR.
Mechanism of endotracheal tube movement with change of head position in the neonate.
Pediatr Radiol. 1980;9:37-40.

Eisenberg MS, Copass MK, Hallstrom AP, et al.
Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with rapid defibrillation by emergency medical technicians.
N Engl J Med. 1980;302:1379-1383.

Elam JO, Greene DG.
Mission accomplished: successful mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Anesth Analog. 1961;40:578-580.

Elam JO, Greene DG, Schneider MA, et al.
Head-tilt method of oral resuscitation.
JAMA. 1960;172:812-815.

Elling R, Politis J.
An evaluation of emerg. medical technicians' ability to use manual ventilation devices.
Ann Emery Med 1983;12:765-768.

Feneley MP, Maier GW, Kern KB, et al.
Influence of compression rate on initial success of resuscitation and 24 hour survival after prolonged manual c.p.r. in dogs.
Circulation. 1988;77:240-250.

Friesen RM, Duncan P, Tweed WA, Bristow G.
Appraisal of pediatric c.p.r.
Can Med Assoc J. 1982;126:1055-1058.

Fuerst RS, Banner MJ, Melker RJ.
Inspiratory time influences the distribution of ventilation to the lungs and stomach: implications for c.p.r.
Ann Emerg Med. In press.

Gausche M, Siedel JS, Henderson DP, et al.
Pediatric deaths and emergency medical services (EMS) in urban and rural areas.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 1989;5:158-162.

Geehr EC, Lewis FR, Auerbach PS.
Failure of open-heart massage to improve survival after prehospital nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1189-1190. Letter.

Gordon AS, Frye CW, Gittelson L, Sadove MS, Beattie EJ Jr.
Mouth-to-mouth versus manual artificial respiration for children and adults.
JAMA. 1958;167:320-328.

Guerci AD, Chandra NC, Gelfand MI, et al.
Vest CPR increases aortic pressure in humans.
Circulation. 1989:80(suppl II):II-496. Abstract.

Guildner CW.
Resuscitation-opening the airway:a comparative study of techniques for opening an airway obstructed by the tongue. JACEP. 1976;5:588-590.

Handel LP, Cobb LA.
Initial and long term competency of citizens trained in CPR.
Emery Health Serv Q. 1982;1:49-63.

Harrison RR, Maull KI, Keenan RI, et al.
Mouth-to-mask ventilation: A superior method of rescue breathing.
Ann Emery Med 1982;11:74-76.

Hartz R, LoCicero J III, Sanders JH Jr, Frederiksen JW, Joob AW, Michaelis LL
Clinical experience with portable cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac arrest patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;50:437-441.

Heimlich HJ.
Pop goes the cafe coronary.
Emerg Med. 1974;6:154-155.

Heimlich HJ
The Heimlich maneuver: first treatment for drowning victims.
Emerg Med Serv. 1981;10:58-61.

Heimlich HJ
A life-saving maneuver to prevent food-choking.
JAMA. 1975;234:398-401.

Heimlich HJ.
Subdiaphragmatic pressure to expel water from the lungs of drowning persons.
Ann Emerg Med. 1981;10:476-480.

Hinkle AJ.
A rapid and reliable method of selecting endotracheal tube size in children.
Anesth Analg. 1988;67:S-592. Abstract.

Jesudian MC, Harrison RR, Keenan RL, Maull KI.
Bag-valve-mask ventilation: two rescuers are better than one: preliminary report.
Crit Care Med. 1985;13:122-123.

Johanningman JA, Branson RD, Davis K Jr, Hurst JM.
Techniques of emergency ventilation: a model to evaluate tidal volume, airway pressure and gastric insufflation.
J Trauma. 1991;31:93-98.

Kaye W, Rallis SF, Mancini ME, et al.
The problem of poor retention of c.p.r. skills may lie with the instructor, not the learning or the curriculum.
Resuscitation. 1991;21:67-87.

Kern KB, Sanders AB, Janas W, et al.
Limitations of open-chest cardiac massage after prolonged, untreated cardiac arrest in dogs.
Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:761-767.

Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA.
A study of chest compression rates during c.p.r. in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions.
Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:145-149.

Kern KB, Sanders AB, Badylak SF et al.
Long-term survival with open-chest cardiac massage after ineffective closed-chest compression in a canine model.
Circulation. 1987;75:498-503.

Kern KB, Carter AB, Showen RL, et al.
Comparison of mechanical techniques of c.p.r: survival and neurologic outcome in dogs.
Am J Emerg Med. 1987;5:190-195.

Klain M, Keszler H, Brader E.
High frequency jet ventilation in CPR.
Crit Care Med. 1981;9:421-422.

Klain M, Keszler H, Stool S.
Transtracheal high frequency jet ventilation prevents aspiration.
Crit Care Med. 1983;11:170-172.

Kouwenhoven WB, Jude JR, Knickerbocker GG.
Closed-chest cardiac massage.
JAMA. 1960;173:1064-1067.

Krischer JP, Fine EG, Weisfeldt Ml, Guerci AD, Nagel E, Chandra N.
Comparison of prehospital conventional and simultaneous compression-ventilation c.p.r.
Crit Care Med. 1989;17:1263-1269.

Krischer JP, Fine EG, Davis JH, Nagel EL.
Complications of cardiac resuscitation.
Chest. 1987;92:287-291.

Luten RC, Wears RL, Broselow J, et al.
Length-based endotracheal tube and emergency equipment selection in pediatrics.
Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:900-904.

Mateer JR, Stueven HA, Thompson BM, Aprahamian C, Darin JC.
Pre-hospital IAC-CPR versus standard CPR: paramedic resuscitation of cardiac arrests.
Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:143-146.

McGuire TJ, Pointer JE.
Evaluation of a pulse oximeter in the prehospital setting.
Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:1058-1062.

Melker RJ.
Asynchronous and other alternative methods of ventilation during CPR.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13(pt 2):758-761.

Melker RJ, Cavallaro D.
Synchronous and asynchronous ventilation during CPR.
Ann Emery Med. 1983;12:142.

Melker RJ.
Recommendations for ventilation during c.p.r: time for change?
Crit Care Med. 1985;13(pt 2):882-883.

Milner AD, Vyas H, Hopkin IE.
Efficacy of facemask resuscitation at birth.
BMJ. 1984;289:1563-1565.

Modell JH.
Is the Heimlich maneuver appropriate as first treatment for drowning.
Emerg Med Serv. 1981;10:63-66.

Niemann JT, Rosborough JP, Niskanen RA, Alferness C, Criley JM.
Mechanical 'cough' c.p.r. during cardiac arrest in dogs.
Am J Cardiol. 1985;55:199-204.

Palme C, Nystrom B, Tunell R.
An evaluation of the efficiency of face masks in the resuscitation of newborn infants. Lancet. 1985;1:207-210.

Pepe PE, Copass MK, Joyce TH.
Prehospital endotracheal intubation: rationale for training emergency medical personnel.
Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:1085-1092.

Pepe PE, Copass MK.
Prehospital care.
In: Moore EE ed. The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma - Early Care of the Injured Patient. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: BC Decker; 1990:34-35.

Redding JS.
Abdominal compression in c.p.r.
Anesth Analg. 1971; 50:668-675.

Redding JS, Cozine RA.
A comparison of open-chest and closed-chest cardiac massage in dogs.
Anesthesiology. 1961;22:280-285.

Rozycki G, Adams C, Champion HR, Kihn R.
Resuscitative thoracotomy:trends in outcome.
Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:462. Abstract.

Ruben H.
The immediate treatment of respiratory failure.
Br J Anaesth. 1964;36:542-549.

Sack JB, Kesselbrenner MB, Bregman D.
Survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest with interposed abdominal counterpulsation during c.p.r.
JAMA. 1992;267:379-385.

Safar P.
Ventilatory efficacy of mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration: airway obstruction during manual and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
JAMA. 1958;167:335-341.

Safar P, Redding J.
The 'tight jaw' in resuscitation.
Anesthesiology. 1959;20:701-702.

Safar P, Escarraga L, Elam JO.
A comparison of the mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-airway methods of artificial respiration with the chest-pressure arm-lift method.
N Engl J Med. 1958;258:671-677.

Salem MR, Wong AY, Mani M, Sellick BA.
Efficacy of cricoid pressure in preventing gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation in pediatric patients.
Anesthesiology. 1974;40:96-98.

Sanders AB, Kern KB, Ewy GA, Atlas M, Bailey L.
Improved resuscitation from cardiac arrest with open-chest massage.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13(pt 1):672-675.

Sellick BA.
Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia.
Lancet. 1961;2:404-406.

Steinman AM.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia.
Circulation. 1986;74(suppl IV):IV-29-IV-32.

Stross JK.
Maintaining competency in advanced cardiac life support skills.
JAMA. 1983;249:3339-3341.

Taylor GJ, Rubin R, Tucker M, Greene HL, Rudikoff MT, Weisfeldt ML.
External cardiac compression: a randomized comparison of mechanical and manual techniques.
JAMA. 1978;240:644-646.

Taylor GJ, Tucker WM, Greene HL, Rudikoff MT, Weisfeldt ML.
Importance of prolonged compression during c.p.r. in man.
N Engl J Med. 1977;296:1515-1517.

Tendrup TE, Kanter RK, Cherry RA.
A comparison of infant ventilation methods performed by prehospital personnel.
Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:607-611.

Tisherman SA, Safar P, Abramson NS, et al.
Feasibility of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass for resuscitation from CPR-resistant cardiac arrest: a preliminary report.
Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:491. Abstract.

Todres ID, Rogers MC.
Methods of external cardiac massage in the newborn infant.
J Pediatr. 1975;86:781-782.

Torphy DE, Minter MG, Thompson BM.
Cardiorespiratory arrest and resuscitation of children.
AJDC. 1984;138:1099-1102.

Van Kerschaver E, Delooz HH, Moens GF.
The effectiveness of repeated c.p.r. training in a school population.
Resuscitation. 1989;17:211;222.

Visintine RE, Baick CH.
Ruptured stomach after Heimlich maneuver.
JAMA. 1975;234:415.

Ward KR, Sullivan RJ, Zelenak RR, Summer WR.
A comparison of interposed abdominal compression CPR and standard CPR by monitoring end-tidal PCO2.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:226-229.

Weaver FJ, Ramirez AG, Dorfman SB, Raizner AE.
Trainees; retention of c.p.r.: how quickly they forget.
JAMA. 1979;241:901-903.

Weg JG, Haas CF.
Safe intrahospital transport of critically ill ventilator-dependent patients.
Chest. 1989;96:631-635.

Westhorpe RN.
The position of the larynx in children and its relationship to the ease of intubation.
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1987;15:384-388.

White RD, Gilles BP, Polk BV.
Oxygen delivery by hand operated emerg. ventilation devices.
JACEP 1973;2:105-108.

Winchell SW, Safar P.
Teaching and testing lay and paramedical personnel in c.p.r.
Anesth Analog. 1966;45:441-449.

Wraight WJ, Chamney AR, Howells TH.
The determination of an effective cricoid pressure.
Anaesthesia. 1983;38:461-466.

Zaritsky A, Nadkarni V, Getson P. Kuehl K.
CPR in children.
Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:1107-1111.

Physiology Related

Bellingham AJ, Detter JC, Lenfant C.
Regulatory mechanisms of hemoglobin oxygen affinity in acidosis and alkalosis.
J Clin Invest. 1971;50:700-706.

Braman SS, Dunn SM, Amico CA, Millman RP.
Complications of intra-hospital transport in critically ill patients.
Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:469-473.

Cingolani HF, Faulkner SL, Mattiazzi AR et.al.
Depression of human myocardial contractility with 'respiratory' and 'metabolic' acidosis.
Surgery 1975;77:427-432.

Crile G, Dolley DH.
Experimental resuscitation of dogs killed by anesthetics and asphyxia.
J Exp Med. 1906;6:713-738.

Day RL, Crelin ES, DuBois AB.
Choking: the Heimlich abdominal thrust vs back blows: an approach to measurement of inertial and aerodynamic forces.
Pediatrics. 1982;70:113-119.

Del Guercio LRM, Feins NR, Cohn JD et al.
Comparison of blood flow during external and internal cardiac massage in man.
Circulation 1965; 31 (suppl 1): 1-171-1. 180

Ditchey RV, Lindefeld JA.
Potential adverse effects of volume loading of perfusion of vital organs during closed-chest resuscitation.
Circulation 1984;69:181-189.

Ditchey RV, Winkler JV, Rhodes CA.
Relative lack of coronary blood flow during closed-chest resuscitation on dogs.
Circulation. 1984;66:297-302.

Elam JO, Greene DG, Brown ES, Clements JA.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and energy cost of expired air resuscitation.
JAMA. 1958;167:328-334.

Ewy GA, Hellman DA, McClung S, Taren D.
Influence of ventilation phase on transthoracic impedance and defibrillation effectiveness.
Crit Care Med. 1980;8:164-166.

Falk JL, Rackow EC, Weil MH.
End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during c.p.r.
N Engl J Med. 1988;318:607-611.

Frass M. Rodler S, Frenzer R, Ilias W, Leithner C, Lackner F.
Esophageal tracheal Combitube, endotracheal airway and mask: comparison of ventilatory pressure curves.
J Trauma. 1989;29:1476-1479.

Gervais HW, Eberle B, Konietzke D, Hennes HJ, Dick W.
Comparison of blood gases of ventilated patients during transport.
Crit Care Med. 1987;15:761-763.

Halperin HR, Tsitlik JE, Guerci AD, et al.
Determinants of blood flow to vital organs during c.p.r. in dogs.
Circulation. 1986;73:539-550.

Hurst JM, David K Jr, Branson RD, Johannigman JA.
Comparison of blood gases during transport using two methods of ventilatory support.
J Trauma. 1989;29:1637-1640.

Kuhn CJ, White BC, Swetnam RE, et.al.
Periphal vs. central circulation times during CPR: A pilot study.
Ann Emery Med 1981;10:417-419.

Lee CJ, Bullock LJ.
Determining the pulse for infact CPR: time for a change?
Milir Med. 1991;156:190-199

Mackenzie GJ, Taylor SH, McDonald AH, Donald KW.
Haemodynamic effects of external cardiac compression.
Lancet. 1964;1:1342;1345.

Madias JE, Madias NE, Hood WB Jr.
Precordial ST-segment mapping, 2: effects of oxygen inhalation in ischemic injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Circulation. 1976;53:411-417.

Maier GW, Tyson GS Lr, Olsen CO, et al.
The physiology of external cardiac massage: high- impulse c.p.r.
Circulation. 1984;70:86-101.

Martin GB, Carden DL, Nowak RM, Lewinter JR, Johnston W, Tomlanovich MC.
Aortic and right arterial pressures during standard and simultaneous compression and ventilation CPR in human beings.
Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:125-130.

McDonald JL.
Systolic and mean arterial pressures during manual and mechanical CPR in humans.
Ann Emerg Med. 1982;11:292-295.

Michael JR, Guerci AD, Koehler RC, et al.
Mechanisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and myocardial perfusion during c.p.r. in dogs.
Circulation. 1984;69:822-835.

Neimann JT, Criley JM, Rosborough JP et.al.
Predictive indices of successful CPR after prolonged arrest & experimental CPR.
Ann Emery Med 1985;14:521-528.

Paradis NA, Martin GB, Rivers EP at al.
Coronary perfusion pressure and the return of spontaneous circulation in human c.p.r.
JAMA. 1990;263:1106-1113.

Paradis NA. Martin GB, Goetting MG, et al.
Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during c.p.r. in humans: insights into mechanisms.
Circulation. 1989;80:361-368.

Ralston SH, Voorhees WD, Babbs CF.
Intrapulmonary epinephrine during prolonged c.p.r: improved regional blood flow and resuscitation in dogs.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:79-86.

Ruben HM, Elam JO, Ruben AM, Green DG.
Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation: studies of pharyngeal x-rays and performance by laymen.
Anesthesiology. 1961;22:271-279.

Ruben H, Knudson EJ, Carugati G.
Gastric inflation in relation to airway pressure.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1961;5:107-114.

Rudikoff MT, Maughan WL, Effron M, Freund P, Weisfeldt ML.
Mechanisms of blood flow during c.p.r.
Circulation. 1980;61:345-352.

Safar P. Escarraga LA, Chang F.
Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient.
J Appl Physiol. 1959;14:760-764.

Sanders AB, Kern KB, Atlas M, Bragg S, Ewy GA.
Importance of the duration of inadequate coronary perfusion pressure on resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:113-118.

Sayah AJ, Peacock WF, Overton DT.
End-tidal CO2 measurement in the detection of esophageal intubation during cardiac arrest.
Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:857-860.

Swenson RD, Weaver WD, Niskanen RA, Martin J, Dahlberg S.
Hemodynamics in humans during conventional and experimental methods of c.p.r.
Circulation. 1988;78:630-639.

Weil MH, Grundler W, Rackow EC et.al.
Blood gas measurements in human patients during CPR.
Chest 1984:86:282.

Product Related

SMART BAG^® Studies

Effects of Decreasing Peak Flow Rate on Stomach Inflation During Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation
Achim von Goedecke, Horst G. Wagner-Berger, Karl H. Stadlbauer, Anette C. Krismer, Juliusz Jakubaszko , Christian Bratschke, Volker Wenzel, Christian Keller
Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria and Medical Academy , Wroclaw , Poland
Resuscitation 63 (2004) 131–136

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the SMART BAG® : A New Pressure-Responsive, Gas-Flow Limiting Bag-Valve-Mask Device
Horst G. Wagner-Berger, MD, Volker Wenzel, MD, Wolfgang G. Voelckel, MD, Klaus Rheinberger, MSc, Karl H. Stadlbauer, MD, Ti lko Mu¨ ller, BS, Sven Augenstein, MD, Achim von Goedecke , MD , Karl H. Lindner, MD, and Christian Keller, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck , Austria
(Anesth Analg 2003;97:1686–9)

Decreasing Peak Flow Rate with a New Bag-Valve-Mask Device: Effects on Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Distribution in a Bench Model of an Unprotected Airway
Horst G. Wagner-Berger, Volker Wenzel, Angelika Stallinger ,Wolfgang G. Voelckel, Klaus Rheinberger, Karl H. Stadlbauer,Sven Augenstein, Volker Dorges, Karl H. Lindner, Christoph Hormann
Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Kiel , Kiel , Germany
Resuscitation 57 (2003) 193_/199

Comparison of Ventilatory Efficacy of the Standard Bag-Valve Mask and the SMARTBAG^©
Jonnathan M. Busko, Michael Dailey, Fred Goodwin, Carolinas Medical Center
Presented at the Moderated Poster Abstract Session A, NAEMSP Conference, Tucson , Arizona , January 8 – 10 2004
Prehosp Emerg Care. 2004 Jan-Feb;8(1):88

Retention of Ventilation Skills by Emergency Nurses Three and Six Months After Training: Smart Bag^© Compared with Standard Bag.
De Regge Melissa, Vogels C, Calle PA, Monsieurs KG.
Ghent University Hospital , Belgium and Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Brussels , Belgium.
ERC Congress Budapest , Hungary September 2004
Published in Resuscitation

Auerbach PS, Geehr EC.
Inadequate oxygenation and ventilation using the esophageal gastric tube airway in the prehospital setting.
JAMA. 1983;250:3067-3071.

Branson RD, McGough EK.
Transport ventilators.
Probl Crit Care. 1990;4:254-274.

Carden E, Friedman D.
Further studies of manually operated self-inflating resuscitators.
Anesth Analg. 1977;56:202-206.

Donen N, Tweed WA, Dashfsky S, Guttormson B.
The esophageal obturator airway: an appraisal.
Can Anaesth Soc J. 1983;30:194-200.

Finer NN, Barrington KJ, Al-Fadley F, Peters KL.
Limitations of self-inflating resuscitators.
Pediatrics. 1986;77:417-420.

Frass M, Frenzer R, Rauscha F, Schuster E, Glogar D.
Ventilation with the esophageal tracheal Combitube in c.p.r: promptness and effectiveness.
Chest. 1988;93:781-784.

Frass M, Frenzer R, Zdrahal F, Hoflehner G, Porges P. Lackner F.
The esophageal tracheal Combitube: preliminary results with a new airway for CPR.
Emerg Med. 1987;16:768-772.

Frass M, Frenzer R, Rauscha F, Weber H, Pacher R, Leithner C.
Evaluation of the esophageal tracheal Combitube in c.p.r.
Crit Care Med. 1987;15:609-611.

Hammargren Y, Clinton JE, Ruiz E.
A standard comparison of esophageal obturator airway and endotracheal tube ventilation in cardiac arrest.
Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:953-958.

Harber T. Lucas BG.
An evaluation of some mechanical resuscitators for use in the ambulance service.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1980;62:291-293.

Hess D, Baran C.
Ventilatory volumes using mouth-to mouth, mouth-to-mask, and bag-valve- mask techniques.
Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:292-296.

Hirschman AM, Kravath RE.
Venting vs ventilating: a danger of manual resuscitation bags.
Chest. 1982;82:369-370.

Jacobs HB.
Emergency percutaneous transtracheal catheter and ventilator.
J Trauma. 1972;12:50-55.

Jesudian MC, Harrison RR, Keenan RL, Maull KI.
Bag-valve-mask ventilation: two rescuers are better than one: preliminary report.
Crit Care Med. 1985;13:122-123.

Kanter RK.
Evaluation of mask-bag ventilation in resuscitation of infants.
AJDC. 1987;141:761-763.

Charles D. Marley Jr. D.O., David R Eitel, M.D. FACEP, Mark F. Kock, EMT-P, Dean R. Hess, M ed, RRT, Ph D., Michael A. Taigman, EMT-P.
Pre-hospital use of prototype esophageal detection device - A word of caution.
Prehosp and Dis.Med. Vol II (3):223-227 - 1996

MacMahon S, Ornato JP, Racht EM, Cameron J.
Multi-agency prehospital evaluation of the pharyngeo-tracheal lumen (PTL) airway.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1992;7:13-18.

McGough EK, Banner MJ, Melker RJ.
Variations in tidal volume with portable transport ventilators.
Resp Care. 1992;37:233-239.

McMahon JM, Bartlett R, Schafermayer RW, et al.
Comparison of the pharyngeal-tracheal lumen airway to the endotracheal tube: an EMS field trial.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1989;4:77. Abstract.

Meislin HW.
The esophageal obturator airway: a study of respiratory effectiveness.
Ann Emerg Med. 1980;9:54-59.

Melker RJ, Banner MJ.
Positive pressure and spontaneous ventilation characteristics of demand-flow valves: implications for resuscitation.
Ann Emerg Med. In press.

Melker RJ.
A clinical evaluation of the pneuPAC ventilator. Presented at the Fourth World Congress on Intensive and Critical Care
Medicine; July 1985; Jerusalem, Israel.

Niemann JT, Rosborough JP, Myers R, Scarberry EN.
The pharyngeotracheal lumen airway: preliminary investigation of a new adjunct.
Ann Emerg Med. 1984;13:591-596.

Nolan JP, Baskett PJF.
Gas-powered and portable ventilators: an evaluation of six models.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1992;7:25-34.

Osborn HH, Kayen D, Horne H, Bray W.
Excess ventilation with oxygen-powered resuscitators.
Am J Emerg Med. 1984;2:408-413.

Pearson JW, Redding JS.
Evaluation of the Elder demand valve resuscitator for use by first aid personnel.
Anesthesiology, 1967;28:623-624.

Pepe PE, Marini JJ.
Occult positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with airflow obstruction: the auto-PEEP effect.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126:166-170.

Pilcher DB DeMeules JE.
Esophageal perforation following use of esophageal airway.
Chest. 1976;69:377-380.

Safar P.
Pocket mask for emergency artificial vent & O2 inhalation.
Crit Care Med 1974;2:273-276.

Smith JP, Bodai BI, Aubourg R, Ward RE.
A field evaluation of the esophageal obturator airway.
J Trauma. 1983;23:317-321.

Strate RG, Fischer RP.
Midesophageal perforations by esophageal obturator airways.
J Trauma. 1976;16:503-509.

Miscellaneous

Abramson NS, Safar P, Detre K, Kelsey S, Reinmuth O, Snyder J.
An international collaborative clinical study mechanism for resuscitation research.
Resuscitation. 1982;10:141-147.

Becker LB, Ostrander MP, Barrett J, Kondos GT.
CPR Chicago. Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area: where are the survivors?
Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:355-361.

Bedell SE, Delbanco TL, Cook EF, Epstein FH.
Survival after c.p.r. in the hospital.
N Engl J Med. 1989;309:569-576.

Bethesda Conference report.
Thirteenth Bethesda Conference: Emergency Cardiac Care.
Am J Cardiol 1982;50:365-420.

Bossaert L, Van Hoeyweghen R. Bystander
CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Cerebral Resuscitation Study Group.
Resuscitation. 1989;17(suppl):S55-S69.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Conference Proceedings, May 23, 1966.
Washington, DC:
National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council; 1967.

Centers for Disease Control.
Recommendations for Decontaminating Manikins Used in CPR:
Hepatitis Surveillance, Report 42. Atlanta, Ga: CDC; 1978:34-36.

Centers for Disease Control.
Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected persons-Florida and New York, 1988-1991.
MMWR. 1991;40:585-591.

Centers for Disease Control.
Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis-Texas, California and Pennsylvania.
MMWR. 1990;39:369-372.

Centers for Disease Control.
Guidelines for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to health-care and public-safety workers.
MMWR. 1989;38(suppl 6): 1-37.

Cobb LA, Hallstrom AP.
Community-based CPR: What have we learned?
Ann NY Acad Sci. 1982;382:330-342.

Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS.
Prehospital c.p.r: is it effective?
JAMA. 1985;253:2408-2412.

Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS, Hallstrom AP, Litwin PE.
Survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with early initiation of c.p.r.
Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:114-119.

Dooley SW Jr, Castro KG, Hutton MD, Mullan RJ, Polder JA, Snider DE Jr.
Guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in healthcare settings, with special focus on HIV- related issues.
MMWR. 1990;39:1-29.

Eisenberg MS, Bergner L, Hallstrom A.
Cardiac resuscitation in the community: importance of rapid provision and implications for program planning.
JAMA. 1979;241:1905-1907.

Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Litwin PE, Hallstrom AP.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: significance of symptoms in patients collapsing before and after arrival of paramedics.
Am J Emerg Med. 1986;4:116-120.

Eisenberg M, Bergner L, Hallstrom A.
Edipemiology of cardiac arrest and resuscitation in children.
Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:672-674.

Eisenberg MS, Horwood BT, Cummins RO, Reynolds-Haertle R, Hearne TR.
Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a tale of 29 cities.
Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:179-186.

Eisenberg MS, Bergner L, Hallstrom A.
Cardiac resuscitation in the community: Importance of rapid provision & implications for program planning.
JAMA 1979;241:1905-1907.

Fink JA, Klein RL.
Complications of the Heimlich maneuver.
J. Pediatr Surg. 1989;24:486-487.

Friedland GH, Saltzman BR, Rogers MF, et al.
Lack of transmission of HTLV-III/LAV infection to household contacts of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex with oral candidiasis.
N Engl J Med. 1986;314:344-349.

Gillis J, Dickson D, Rieder M, Steward D, Edmonds J.
Results of inpatient pediatric resuscitation.
Crit Care Med. 1986;14:469-471.

Gray WA, Capone RJ, Most AS.
Unsuccessful emergency medical resuscitation: are continued efforts in the emergency department justified?
N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1393-1398.

Haley CE, McDonald RD, Rossi L, Jones WD Jr. Haley RW, Luby JP.
Tuberculosis epidemic among hospital personnel.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1989;10:204-210.

Hallstrom A. Eisenberg MS, Bergner L.
Modeling the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an emergency service system.
Soc Sci Med. 1981;15C:13-17.

Hendricks AA, Shapiro EP.
Primary herpes simplex infection following mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
JAMA. 1980;243:257-258.

Kellermann AL, Staves DR, Hackman BB.
n-hospital resuscitation following unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support: "heroic efforts" or an exercise in futility?
Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:589-594.

Lewis JK, Minter MG, Eshelman SJ, Witte MK.
Outcome of pediatric resuscitation.
Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:297-299.

Longstreth WT Jr, Cobb LA, Fahrenbruch CE, Copass MK.
Does age affect outcomes of out-of- hospital c.p.r?
JAMA. 1990;264:2109-2110.

Marcus R.
Surveillance of health care workers exposed to blood from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1118-1123.

McIntyre KM.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the ultimate coronary care unit.
JAMA. 1980;244:510-511.

Niemann JT, Criley JM, Rosborough JP, Niskanen RA, Alferness P.
Predictive indices of successful cardiac resuscitation after prolonged arrest and experimental c.p.r.
Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:521-528.

O'Rourke PP.
Outcome of children who are apneic and pulseless in the emergency room.
Crit Care Med. 1986;14:466-468.

Ornato JP, Craren EJ, Nelson N, Smith HD.
The economic impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care programs.
Cardiovasc Rev Rep. 1983;4:1083-1085.

Paraskos JA.
Biblical accounts of resuscitation.
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1992;47:310-321.

Pepe PE, Bonnin MJ, Mattox KL.
Regulating the scope of EMS.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1990;5:59-63.

Pepe PE, Stewart RD.
Role of the physician in the prehospital setting.
Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1480-1483.

Pepe PE, Bonnin MJ, Clark PS.
Clinical predictors of survival in paramedic-witnessed cardiac arrest.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1989;4:71. Abstract.

Quan L, Wentz KR, Gore EJ, Copass MK.
Outcome and predictors of outcome in pediatric submersion victims receiving prehospital care in King County, Washington.
Pediatrics. 1990;86:586-593.

Recommendation for prevention of HIV transmission in healthcare settings.
MMWR. 1987;36(no.25):1S-18S.

Ritter G, Wolfe RA, Goldstein S, et al.
The effects of bystander CPR on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims.
Am Heart J. 1985;110:932-937.

Ruben HM, Elam JO, Ruben AM, Greene DG.
Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation, I: studies of pharyngeal x-rays and performance by laymen.
Anesthesiology. 1961;22:271-279.

Sande MA.
Transmission of AIDS: the case against casual contagion.
N Engl J Med. 1986;314:380-382.

Sigsbee M, Geden EA.
Effects of anxiety on family members of patients with cardiac disease learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Heart Lung. 1990;19:662-665.

Stephenson HE Jr, Reid LC, Hinton JW.
Some common denominators in 1200 cases of cardiac arrest.
Ann Surg. 1953;137:731-744.

Stewart RD.
Medical direction in emergency medical services: the role of the physician.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1987;5:119-132.

Taffet GE, Teasdale TA, Luchi RJ.
In-hospital c.p.r.
JAMA. 1988;260:2069-2072.

The Emergency Cardiac Care Committee of the AHA.
Risk of infection during CPR training and rescue:supplemental guidelines.
JAMA. 1989;262:2714-2715.

The Emergency Cardiac Care Committee of the AHA.
Risk of infection during CPR training and rescue:supplemental guidelines.
JAMA. 1989;262:2714-2715.

The Emergency Cardiac Care Committee of the American Heart Association.
Risk of infection during CPR training and rescue: supplemental guidelines.
JAMA. 1989;262:2714-2715.

Urban N, Bergner L, Eisenberg MS.
The costs of a suburban paramedic program in reducing deaths due to cardiac arrest.
Med Care. 1981;19:379-392.

Weaver WD, Cobb LA, Hallstrom AP, Fahrenbruch C, Copass MK, Ray R.
Factors influencing survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:754-757.

Weaver WD, Cobb LA, Hallstrom AP, et al.
Considerations for improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1181-1186.